Energy Generation in the Severn Estuary

A Natural Powerhouse 

The Severn Estuary is globally recognised for its immense tidal energy potential, thanks to its exceptionally high tidal range, the highest in Europe and the third highest in the world! This unique natural characteristic presents significant opportunities for renewable energy generation, while also posing challenges that require careful and balanced environmental management. 

Current Energy Uses 

The Severn Estuary region plays a longstanding role in the UK’s energy infrastructure. Several conventional and nuclear power stations are located along its shores, contributing significantly to national energy demands. These include Hinkley Point B and the new Hinkley Point C development, currently under construction. 

In addition to these larger facilities, the Estuary supports offshore wind exploration, energy import/export operations via port infrastructure, and research into low-carbon technologies. 

Tidal Range Technology: Progress and Promise 

Given the Estuary’s vast tidal range, up to 14m at Avonmouth, there is longstanding interest in harnessing its power through tidal range energy schemes, such as barrages or lagoons. These technologies convert the gravitational force of tidal movement into electricity, offering a predictable and renewable energy source. A useful introduction to this type of technology can be found in the Institution of Civil Engineers’ infrastructure insight on tidal power. 

While earlier proposals such as the Severn Barrage raised significant debate due to cost and environmental concerns, more recently interest has shifted toward modular and lagoon-based schemes, which aim to limit environmental impact, while still providing substantial energy output.  

The Severn Estuary Partnership is committed to supporting informed dialogue on energy proposals. This includes encouraging evidence-based decision making, promoting cross-border coordination, and ensuring that any energy developments align with the Estuary’s unique environmental, social, and cultural values. 

A Balanced Approach 

The future of energy in the Severn Estuary must balance the urgent need for renewable energy with the requirement to protect internationally designated habitats and species. In 2025, the Western Gateway’s Severn Estuary Commission’s final recommendations (see severncommission.co.uk) emphasised the importance of an integrated, strategic approach to energy development in the Estuary, one that delivers both climate benefits and safeguards the natural environment. The Severn Estuary Partnership will continue to contribute to these discussions, supporting inclusive engagement and ensuring that the evolving vision for the Estuary reflects shared priorities across sectors and borders. 

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